Understanding Low Back Pain: Causes, Symptoms & When to Seek Help

Low back pain is a widespread issue that affects many individuals during their lifetime. It can vary from mild discomfort to severe, persistent pain. Knowing the type of back pain and understanding when to seek medical support is essential for long-term relief and improved mobility.

What Causes Low Back Pain?

Low back pain generally falls into two main categories: inflammatory and mechanical.

1. Inflammatory Back Pain

This form is due to inflammation in the joints or spine. A well-known example is ankylosing spondylitis, a chronic inflammatory condition that causes stiffness, particularly in the lower back.

• Pain often improves with physical activity.
• Morning stiffness is a common symptom.
• May indicate underlying inflammatory arthritis like spondyloarthritis.

2. Mechanical (Non-Inflammatory) Back Pain

Mechanical back pain is the most common type, usually caused by strain, injury, or poor posture.

• Linked to activities such as heavy lifting or improper sitting posture.
• Pain worsens with movement and improves with rest.
• Common in people with sedentary jobs or sudden physical stress.

Recognizing Red Flags: When to See a Doctor

Certain symptoms suggest the need for professional evaluation. These “red flags” may point to more serious or inflammatory causes.

• Pain lasting over three months: Chronic pain may require a specialist’s evaluation.
• Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes: Could indicate inflammatory arthritis.
• Difficulty moving in bed: Trouble turning over or repositioning may be a sign of spinal inflammation.

If you notice any of these symptoms, consider seeing a rheumatologist or spine specialist for a thorough evaluation.

Common Causes of Mechanical Back Pain

Mechanical pain often results from lifestyle habits and minor injuries.

• Poor posture during sitting: Especially in desk-bound jobs like IT or software roles.
• Minor falls or injuries: Can lead to muscle or ligament strain.
• Inadequate back support: Sitting on couches or beds without support may increase back discomfort.

Managing and Preventing Mechanical Back Pain

Most mechanical back pain can be managed through a combination of home care and preventive steps.

• Pain medications: Over-the-counter options like anti-inflammatory tablets offer quick relief.
• Stretching and strengthening: Exercises that improve flexibility and build core strength help support the spine.
• Improved posture: Keeping your spine aligned during work or rest can reduce future problems.

When to Consult a Specialist

If your pain is mild, recent, and clearly mechanical (like a recent strain), lifestyle changes may be sufficient. However, the following signs require professional evaluation:

• Prolonged pain or stiffness.
• Persistent discomfort in bed or early morning stiffness.
• Recurring pain despite rest and basic treatment.

Early consultation helps detect inflammatory causes like ankylosing spondylitis and ensures timely treatment.

Final Thoughts

Low back pain can be mechanical or inflammatory in nature. Understanding its root cause and identifying symptoms early are essential for choosing the right treatment. Don't let persistent discomfort go unaddressed.

Book a consultation with our rheumatology team to get a personalized evaluation and long-term relief plan.