Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It is a degenerative joint disease that primarily impacts the cartilage in weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine. Over time, the protective cartilage wears down, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

Causes of Osteoarthritis

OA is primarily caused by:

• Aging: The wear and tear of cartilage increase with age.
• Joint Overuse: Repetitive stress on joints accelerates cartilage breakdown.
• Injury: Joint injuries from sports, accidents, or surgeries may lead to OA.
• Obesity: Excess weight puts additional pressure on joints, particularly the knees and hips.
• Genetics: A family history of OA can increase the risk.

Common Symptoms of OA

• Joint Pain: Worsens with movement and improves with rest.
• Stiffness: More noticeable in the morning or after prolonged inactivity.
• Swelling: Mild swelling or warmth around affected joints.
• Limited Range of Motion: Joints become harder to move as OA progresses.
• Crepitus: A crunching or popping sound due to rough cartilage surfaces.

How is OA Diagnosed?

1. Medical History & Physical Exam: Doctors assess symptoms and joint function.
2. X-rays: Identify cartilage loss, bone spurs, and joint space narrowing.
3. MRI or Ultrasound: Used for detailed evaluation of soft tissues.
4. Joint Fluid Analysis: Helps rule out infections or other types of arthritis.
5. Blood Tests: Used to exclude inflammatory arthritis like rheumatoid arthritis.

Early diagnosis is crucial in preventing further joint damage and optimizing treatment