Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects joints and causes long-term inflammation. Without timely treatment, it may result in joint deformity and disability. This article covers the key aspects of RA, including symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies to help patients manage the condition effectively.

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissues. Unlike osteoarthritis, which is caused by wear and tear, RA stems from immune system dysfunction.

• Commonly affects hands, wrists, knees, and feet.
• Not triggered by allergies, but by inflammation and autoimmunity.
• Genetic and environmental factors like smoking and pollution may play a role.

Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis

RA symptoms can vary in intensity and often fluctuate over time. Early recognition helps in effective management.

• Persistent pain and tenderness in small joints.
• Redness and swelling in affected joints.
• Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes.
• General fatigue, low-grade fever, and weakness.
• Joint deformities and reduced function over time.

How is Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation supported by lab tests and imaging studies.

• Blood Tests: RF (Rheumatoid Factor), anti-CCP antibodies, ESR, and CRP to measure inflammation.
• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Helps detect anemia or other related issues.
• Imaging: X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound to check joint damage and inflammation.

Combining test results with symptoms helps determine the stage and severity of the disease.

Treatment Options for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Treatment aims to control inflammation, reduce symptoms, and prevent long-term damage.

1. Pain Relief and Anti-inflammatory Medications

• NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs help ease pain and swelling.
• Corticosteroids: Used for short-term relief in acute flare-ups.

2. Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)

• Conventional DMARDs: Methotrexate, leflunomide, and sulfasalazine are commonly prescribed.
• Biologic DMARDs: Target immune system proteins like TNF or interleukin to reduce inflammation.
• Targeted Synthetic DMARDs: Newer oral drugs that act on specific immune mechanisms.

3. Lifestyle and Supportive Therapies

• Physical Therapy: Helps preserve mobility and reduce stiffness.
• Balanced Diet: Anti-inflammatory foods support overall health and reduce flares.
• Environmental Awareness: Avoid smoking and pollution that may trigger symptoms.

Importance of Early Treatment

RA can progress quickly and cause irreversible joint damage if not addressed early. Prompt treatment helps:

• Reduce inflammation and prevent damage.
• Preserve joint function and independence.
• Improve long-term quality of life.

Even when symptoms improve, continuing medication and monitoring are essential to manage the disease effectively.

Conclusion

Rheumatoid arthritis is a manageable autoimmune condition when diagnosed early and treated properly. With advancements in treatment, particularly DMARDs and biologic agents, patients can lead active, fulfilling lives. Don’t ignore persistent joint pain or stiffness—consult a specialist to evaluate your symptoms and start a personalized treatment plan.

To get expert guidance, book a consultation with our rheumatology team today.